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Frederik George Pohl, Jr. (; November 26, 1919 – September 2, 2013) was an American science fiction writer, editor and fan, with a career spanning more than seventy-five years—from his first published work, the 1937 poem "Elegy to a Dead Satellite: Luna", to the 2011 novel ''All the Lives He Led'' and articles and essays published in 2012.〔 From about 1959 until 1969, Pohl edited ''Galaxy'' and its sister magazine ''If''; the latter won three successive annual Hugo Awards as the year's best professional magazine.〔 His 1977 novel ''Gateway'' won four "year's best novel" awards: the Hugo voted by convention participants, the Locus voted by magazine subscribers, the Nebula voted by American science fiction writers, and the juried academic John W. Campbell Memorial Award.〔 He won the Campbell Memorial Award again for the 1984 collection of novellas ''Years of the City'', one of two repeat winners during the first forty years. For his 1979 novel ''Jem'', Pohl won a U.S. National Book Award in the one-year category Science Fiction.〔 It was a finalist for three other years' best novel awards.〔 He won four Hugo and three Nebula Awards.〔 The Science Fiction Writers of America named Pohl its 12th recipient of the Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award in 1993〔 and he was inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 1998, its third class of two dead and two living writers.〔 Pohl won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer in 2010, for his blog, "The Way the Future Blogs".〔〔(thewaythefutureblogs.com )〕〔(2010 Hugo Awards ballot, voting through July 31, 2010 )〕 ==Early life and family== Pohl was the son of Frederik George Pohl (a salesman of Germanic descent) and Anna Jane Mason. Pohl Sr. held various jobs, and the Pohls lived in such wide-flung locations as Texas, California, New Mexico and the Panama Canal Zone. The family settled in Brooklyn when Pohl was around seven. He attended Brooklyn Technical High School, and dropped out at 17. In 2009, he was awarded an honorary diploma from Brooklyn Tech. While a teenager, he co-founded the New York–based Futurians fan group, and began lifelong friendships with Donald Wollheim, Isaac Asimov and others who would become important writers and editors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Isaac )〕 Pohl later said that other "friends came and went and were gone, () many of the ones I met through fandom were friends all their lives – Isaac, Damon Knight, Cyril Kornbluth, Dirk Wylie, Dick Wilson. In fact, there are one or two – Jack Robins, Dave Kyle – whom I still count as friends, seventy-odd years later...." He published a science fiction fanzine called ''Mind of Man.'' During 1936, Pohl joined the Young Communist League because of its positions for unions and against racial prejudice, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. He became president of the local Flatbush III Branch of the YCL in Brooklyn. Pohl has said that after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939, the party line changed and he could no longer support it, at which point he left.〔''The Way the Future Was'', Frederick Pohl (Ballantine Books, 1978), pp. 93, 113.〕 Pohl served in the United States Army from April 1943 until November 1945, rising to sergeant as an air corps weatherman. After training in Illinois, Oklahoma, and Colorado, he was mainly stationed in Italy with the 456th Bombardment Group. Pohl was married five times. His first wife, Leslie Perri, was another Futurian; they were married in August 1940, and divorced in 1944. He then married Dorothy LesTina in Paris in August 1945 while both were serving in the military in Europe; the marriage ended in 1947. During 1948, he married Judith Merril; they had a daughter, Ann. Pohl and Merril divorced in 1952. In 1953, he married Carol M. Ulf Stanton, with whom he had three children and collaborated on several books; they separated in 1977 and were divorced in 1983. From 1984 until his death, Pohl was married to science-fiction expert and academic Elizabeth Anne Hull, PhD. He fathered four children – Ann (m. Walter Weary), Frederik III (deceased), Frederik IV and Kathy.〔(Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2009. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2009. Document Number: H1000078817 )〕 Grandchildren include Canadian writer Emily Pohl-Weary and chef Tobias Pohl-Weary.〔(Eat at Red Canoe Bistro ), ''The Way the Future Blogs,'' May 5, 2010: "The proprietor and head chef is the talented Tobias Pohl Weary, who has not only been winning awards for his cuisine but is also my grandson, of whom I am really proud."〕 From 1984 on, he lived in Palatine, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. He was previously a resident of Middletown, New Jersey. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frederik Pohl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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